AMRI Hospitals’ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences is a premier centre in eastern India with latesttechnology based high end treatment facilities. The department provides a wide array of multidisciplinary and multi-modality services, all under one roof to manage any kind of liver and gastro-intestinal disorders and its complications.We havea team of eastern regions’ most talented and renowned Gastroenterologists, high precision instruments along with video navigation tools for minimally invasive as well as robotic surgeries for accurate diagnosis and perfection and round the clock emergency services to provide comprehensive care for faster recovery and excellent rehabilitation.
Highlights
Doctors with mile stone achievements - The best surgical and medical Gastroenterologistsin eastern India are available in AMRI Kolkata and Bhubaneswar, who are expertsin complex gastro surgeries and treatments including laparoscopic and robotic surgeries.
Comprehensive clinical care –AMRI team of experts include hepatologists, gastro-intestinal &minimal access surgeons as well as interventional radiologists to provide coordinated as well as integrated treatment for complex cases.
Technology at its best – Most advanced technology based high precision instruments are used for diagnosis and procedures to ensure accuracy, precision and speedy recovery. Our cutting edge facilities include - high-end endoscopy & radiology instruments, video navigating tools, capsule endoscopy, Image intensifier in ICU and Operation Theatre to name a few.
Wide array of treatment options – We treat awide spectrum of diseases and rare disorders that include all types of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, biliary,pancreatic and, colorectal complexities.
Optimum care - Our Centre for Gastroenterology ensures optimum care round the clock. Besides our team of experienced doctors, supported by high end equipment, we also have highly skilled technicians, nurses and nutritionists who ensure successful management of all GI related complexities ensuring maximum patient comfort and safety.
Shigellosis
Shigellosis is an infection caused by bacteria known as Shigella. This disease develops fever and diarrhea. Signs and symptoms start showing up within one or two days after the infection sets in. Usually it lasts seven days and can be tackled without antibiotics.
Symptoms
The common symptoms of Shigellosis may include:
Cause
Infection develops when someone accidentally swallows shigella bacteria. This is likely to happen in the following situations:
Diagnosis
Fever and diarrhea are common symptoms of a number of diseases. To rule out possibilities of any other infection and confirm Shigellosis, stool test is the only way-out that can identify presence of Shigella bacteria.
Treatment
Usually a Shigella infection automatically gets over after within a week. Taking rest and replacing lost fluids and salt is the common treatment a patient may need to tackle this disease. But if the general health of the patient is not good or the infection is severe, doctors may recommend hospitalization to provide intravenous hydration and antibiotics for quick remedies.
Rotavirus
Rotavirus is an extremely contagious disease that causes severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and vomiting in usually in infants and children under 5 years old. Sometimes it also affects adults.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of this intestinal disease include:
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Cause
Rotavirus in the stool of the infected baby spread through touch while nursing the child. If the virus goes to mouth of the caregiver of the child while changing baby’s diaper or touching the toys of the sick baby that person may quickly get affected.
Diagnosis
Rotavirus is diagnosed by a stool PCR test in a lab.
Treatment
Rotavirus has no cure. Medications based on symptoms can improve the condition. Usually this virus automatically goes away within seven to ten days. During this period giving enough fluid and bland food in smaller quantity is the only solution. Avoiding dehydration is the main challenge in this disease. Maintaining hygiene and disinfecting measures are equally important to avoid contamination. Rotavirus vaccination also does not ensure full proof against the disease but it definitely makes the symptoms less severe.
Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum. The rectum is a muscular tube that's connected to the end of your colon. Stool passes through the rectum on its way out of the body.
Proctitis can cause rectal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and discharge, as well as the continuous feeling that you need to have a bowel movement. Proctitis symptoms can be short-lived, or they can become chronic.
Proctitis is common in people who have inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis). Sexually transmitted infections are another frequent cause. Proctitis also can be a side effect of radiation therapy for certain cancers.
Symptoms
Causes
Risk factors
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment for proctitis depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation.
For proctitis caused by infection
For proctitis caused by radiation therapy
For proctitis caused by inflammatory bowel disease
Pouchitis is a disease that develops inflammation in the lining of a pouch created during conducting a surgery to treat ulcerative colitis or some other diseases.
Symptoms
Signs of Pouchitis usually includes:
Cause
This disease do not develop naturally. It occurs after a surgery related to ulcerative colitis and some other surgical procedures.
Diagnosis
Pouchitis can be diagnosed from symptoms but to confirm the disease, doctors may order imaging tests like CT scan or MRI. Endoscopy is another confirmatory test for this IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease).
Treatment
Various medications are used to treat Pouchitis. Diet planning with less vegetables and more protein supplement helps improve the condition.
Peritonitis is a disease that causes inflammation of the peritoneum a silky membrane that line abdominal wall and also covers the organs within the abdomen. It is an infectious disease that may often turn to be life-threatening. Peritonitis are of two types: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Secondary Peritonitis.
Symptoms
Here are the common symptoms of Peritonitis:
Cause
The following conditions may develop Peritonitis:
Diagnosis
Peritonitis is diagnosed by checking symptoms, medical history and physical examination. To confirm the disease doctors prescribe the following tests:
Treatment
Medications are used to treat Peritonitis.
Mesenteric ischemia develops when blocked arteries restrict or cutoff blood flow to the small intestine. This condition can damage the intestine permanently. Mesenteric ischemia is of two types acute and chronic.
Symptoms
Symptoms for acute Mesenteric Ischemia include:
Symptoms of chronic Mesenteric Ischemia are:
Cause
Mesenteric Ischemia, both acute and chronic occurs due blockage in the artery that decreases blood flow to the intestine. Usually, blood clot in the main mesenteric artery develops acute Mesenteric Ischemia. Often the clot originally forms in the heart. But in chronic Mesenteric Ischemia most of the times build up plaques narrow the arteries and restricts blood circulation in the intestine.
Diagnosis
To determine Mesenteric Ischemia in a patient, doctors might prescribe the following test:
Treatment
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia requires immediate surgery. In case of chronic Mesenteric Ischemia a balloon is used to inflate the narrowed artery through a procedure.
GERD or Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic digestive disease. In this condition contents of stomach often flow backward up through the food pipe and causes irritation in the lining of this pipe known as esophagus. Acid reflux, heartburn and Acid indigestion are the other names commonly used for this disease.
Symptoms
Signs of GERD include;
Cause
GERD occurs in the following conditions:
The function of lower esophageal sphincter or LES is to relax and open up helping swallowing food. But if it opens up when you are not having food it initiates this backwash.
Being pregnant that usually increases risk for GERD. .
Diagnosis
Primarily, GERD is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms.
But to confirm GERD, doctors may prescribe the following diagnostic tests:
Treatment
To GERD, medical professionals usually recommend lifestyle changes, which include avoiding certain foods, focusing on eating smaller meals, and taking meals a couple of hours before going to bed.
Medication and home remedies also work effectively in managing GERD.
If nothing works then only in few rare cases surgical processes are recommended.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare condition in which one or more tumors form in your pancreas or the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum). These tumors, called gastrinomas, secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin, which causes your stomach to produce too much acid.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may occur at any time in life, but people usually find out they're affected between ages 20 and 60. Medications to reduce stomach acid and heal the ulcers are the usual treatment for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Symptoms
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is yet unknown. The syndrome begins when there are one or more tumor (gastrinomas) formation in the pancreas or duodenum or at other sites adjacent to the pancreas.
Anyone can get his disease. But, some people get it due to inherited condition known as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Children of adults with MEN1 are at a greater risk of developing the disease. It is more common in male population often those between 30 and 50 years old.
The tumors that occur with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are made up of cells that secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Increased gastrin makes the stomach produce far too much acid. The excess acid leads to peptic ulcers and can become cancerous (malignant).
Diagnosis
Treatment
Surgery is the main treatment for gastrinoma and it's usually the only treatment that can cure it. But surgery isn't always possible. Some gastrinomas may have already started to spread when they are diagnosed. The patient might have treatment to control the symptoms if the surgery is not possible.
In Zollinger-Ellison syndrome excess acid production can be effectively controlled by medications.
In some cases, doctors advise other treatments to control tumor growth, which comprises the following:
Fatty Liver disease indicates excessive accumulation of fat in one’s Liver. Major risk factors include obesity and type 2 diabetes, though it's also associated with excessive alcohol consumption.
It usually causes no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they include fatigue, weight loss and abdominal pain. Treatment involves controlling the risk factors. Although a benign condition, but in some patients, it can progress to cirrhosis of Liver or Liver failure.
Types
Fatty liver disease is categorized as Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or hepatic steatosis and the other type is called Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Heavy drinking causes the latter.
Symptoms
NAFLD symptoms include:
NASH advance symptoms include:
Causes
It is not yet identified that why some people accumulate fat in the liver while others do not. Similarly, there is limited understanding of why some fatty livers develop inflammation that progresses to cirrhosis. Causes of both NAFLD and NASH are related to the following:
Risk Factors
A wide range of diseases and conditions can increase the risk of NAFLD, including:
Complications
Diagnosis
In order to detect fatty liver several blood tests like liver function test, liver enzymes, lipid profile, viral hepatitis to name a few and imaging tests like USG, CT Scan or MRI can be advised.
Treatment
Basically life style changes are required to control Fatty Liver. The first line of treatment is usually weight loss through a combination of a healthy diet and exercise. Losing weight addresses the conditions that contribute to NAFLD. For those who have cirrhosis due to NASH, liver transplantation may be an option.
Prevention